Supply and use of essential drugs in sub-Saharan Africa: Some issues and possible solutions
Identifieur interne : 001494 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001493; suivant : 001495Supply and use of essential drugs in sub-Saharan Africa: Some issues and possible solutions
Auteurs : Susan Foster [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Social Science & Medicine [ 0277-9536 ] ; 1991.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Bangladesh, Cameroun, Kenya, Ouganda, Zambie.
- topic : Marque commerciale, Soins de santé, Industrie pharmaceutique, Pharmacie, Densité de population, Entreprise privée, Entreprise publique, Gaspillage.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Active ingredient, Afnca, Afnca table, African countnes, African countries, African country, Agncultural, Agncultural areas, Antimalarial treatments, Authontles, Average cost, Average costs, Bamako, Bamako imtlatlve, Bangladesh, Brand name, Brand name drugs, Brand names, Cameroon, Capita income, Caput, Central warehouse, Condltlons, Constraint, Control procedures, Corrupt official, Cost recovery, Counterfeit drugs, Counterfelt drugs, Countnes, Customs officials, Developmg, Developmg countries, Direct purchase, Dlstnbutlon, Domestic drug production, Drug, Drug import, Drug sellers, Drug shops, Drug stocks, Drug supphes, Drug supplies, Drug supply, Drug supply systems, Drugs bill, Drugs budget, Drugs dlstnbuted, Essential drugs, Essentral drugs, Essenttal drugs, Excessive heat, Financial authontles, First step, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange savings, Foreign exchange savmgs, Foreign exchange shortages, French francs, Frequent treatment, Genenc, Genenc drugs, Genenc equivalents, Genenc form, Genenc names, General ward, Generic drugs, Great resistance, Health care, Health staff, High prices, Highest qumtlle, Income levels, Ivory coast, Kenya, Large number, Leone, Lmprovmg, Local production, Local purchases, Lower level, Lower level health faclhtles, Lower prices, Management sciences, Many cases, Many countnes, Many countries, Many people benefit, Matenals, Medical doctors, More hkely, News surrey, Nlgena, Other hand, Other parts, Overall cost, Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacy, Pilferage, Pnce, Pnvate, Pnvate pharmacies, Pnvate sector, Pnvate sectors, Poor inventory control, Poor people, Poor prescnptlon, Poor storage condltlons, Population density, Populatton density, Potential gains, Potential losses, Potential penalties, Potential savmgs, Prescnbers, Prescnptlon, Private sector, Procurement strategy, Programme, Proper storage condltlons, Pubhc, Pubhc health, Pubhc sector, Public sector, Purchase drugs, Quality assurance, Qumtlle, Real products, Regional hospitals, Retail pharmacies, Rural areas, Rural health centres, Savmgs, Scrap world, Sector, Sellers, Sierra, Sierra leone, Small amounts, Spattal constraints, Such estimates, Such products, Total population, Travel costs, Typical structure, Uganda, Urban areas, User charges, Usmg, Vanous drugs, Wastage, World bank, World bank world development report, Yemen arab republic, Zambia.
- Teeft :
- Active ingredient, Afnca, Afnca table, African countnes, African countries, African country, Agncultural, Agncultural areas, Antimalarial treatments, Authontles, Average cost, Average costs, Bamako, Bamako imtlatlve, Bangladesh, Brand name, Brand name drugs, Brand names, Cameroon, Capita income, Caput, Central warehouse, Condltlons, Constraint, Control procedures, Corrupt official, Cost recovery, Counterfeit drugs, Counterfelt drugs, Countnes, Customs officials, Developmg, Developmg countries, Direct purchase, Dlstnbutlon, Domestic drug production, Drug, Drug import, Drug sellers, Drug shops, Drug stocks, Drug supphes, Drug supplies, Drug supply, Drug supply systems, Drugs bill, Drugs budget, Drugs dlstnbuted, Essential drugs, Essentral drugs, Essenttal drugs, Excessive heat, Financial authontles, First step, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange savings, Foreign exchange savmgs, Foreign exchange shortages, French francs, Frequent treatment, Genenc, Genenc drugs, Genenc equivalents, Genenc form, Genenc names, General ward, Generic drugs, Great resistance, Health care, Health staff, High prices, Highest qumtlle, Income levels, Ivory coast, Kenya, Large number, Leone, Lmprovmg, Local production, Local purchases, Lower level, Lower level health faclhtles, Lower prices, Management sciences, Many cases, Many countnes, Many countries, Many people benefit, Matenals, Medical doctors, More hkely, News surrey, Nlgena, Other hand, Other parts, Overall cost, Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacy, Pilferage, Pnce, Pnvate, Pnvate pharmacies, Pnvate sector, Pnvate sectors, Poor inventory control, Poor people, Poor prescnptlon, Poor storage condltlons, Population density, Populatton density, Potential gains, Potential losses, Potential penalties, Potential savmgs, Prescnbers, Prescnptlon, Private sector, Procurement strategy, Programme, Proper storage condltlons, Pubhc, Pubhc health, Pubhc sector, Public sector, Purchase drugs, Quality assurance, Qumtlle, Real products, Regional hospitals, Retail pharmacies, Rural areas, Rural health centres, Savmgs, Scrap world, Sector, Sellers, Sierra, Sierra leone, Small amounts, Spattal constraints, Such estimates, Such products, Total population, Travel costs, Typical structure, Uganda, Urban areas, User charges, Usmg, Vanous drugs, Wastage, World bank, World bank world development report, Yemen arab republic, Zambia.
Abstract
The paper describes drug supply systems in Africa, both public and private, and concludes that the ‘private sector’ may have serious drawbacks. Many opportunities exist for improving efficiency and reducing waste; the paper gives evidence for the savings to be made. Finally, there are several issues of specific importance to Africa, namely, geographic and spatial constraints to improving logistics, which are much more severe than elsewhere in the world; the problem of counterfeit drugs; financing of drug supplies and cost recovery; and the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on supply and use of essential drugs.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90035-B
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<term>African country</term>
<term>Agncultural</term>
<term>Agncultural areas</term>
<term>Antimalarial treatments</term>
<term>Authontles</term>
<term>Average cost</term>
<term>Average costs</term>
<term>Bamako</term>
<term>Bamako imtlatlve</term>
<term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Brand name</term>
<term>Brand name drugs</term>
<term>Brand names</term>
<term>Cameroon</term>
<term>Capita income</term>
<term>Caput</term>
<term>Central warehouse</term>
<term>Condltlons</term>
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<term>Control procedures</term>
<term>Corrupt official</term>
<term>Cost recovery</term>
<term>Counterfeit drugs</term>
<term>Counterfelt drugs</term>
<term>Countnes</term>
<term>Customs officials</term>
<term>Developmg</term>
<term>Developmg countries</term>
<term>Direct purchase</term>
<term>Dlstnbutlon</term>
<term>Domestic drug production</term>
<term>Drug</term>
<term>Drug import</term>
<term>Drug sellers</term>
<term>Drug shops</term>
<term>Drug stocks</term>
<term>Drug supphes</term>
<term>Drug supplies</term>
<term>Drug supply</term>
<term>Drug supply systems</term>
<term>Drugs bill</term>
<term>Drugs budget</term>
<term>Drugs dlstnbuted</term>
<term>Essential drugs</term>
<term>Essentral drugs</term>
<term>Essenttal drugs</term>
<term>Excessive heat</term>
<term>Financial authontles</term>
<term>First step</term>
<term>Foreign exchange</term>
<term>Foreign exchange savings</term>
<term>Foreign exchange savmgs</term>
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<term>French francs</term>
<term>Frequent treatment</term>
<term>Genenc</term>
<term>Genenc drugs</term>
<term>Genenc equivalents</term>
<term>Genenc form</term>
<term>Genenc names</term>
<term>General ward</term>
<term>Generic drugs</term>
<term>Great resistance</term>
<term>Health care</term>
<term>Health staff</term>
<term>High prices</term>
<term>Highest qumtlle</term>
<term>Income levels</term>
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<term>Kenya</term>
<term>Large number</term>
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<term>Lmprovmg</term>
<term>Local production</term>
<term>Local purchases</term>
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<term>Many countnes</term>
<term>Many countries</term>
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<term>Matenals</term>
<term>Medical doctors</term>
<term>More hkely</term>
<term>News surrey</term>
<term>Nlgena</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Other parts</term>
<term>Overall cost</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical industry</term>
<term>Pharmacy</term>
<term>Pilferage</term>
<term>Pnce</term>
<term>Pnvate</term>
<term>Pnvate pharmacies</term>
<term>Pnvate sector</term>
<term>Pnvate sectors</term>
<term>Poor inventory control</term>
<term>Poor people</term>
<term>Poor prescnptlon</term>
<term>Poor storage condltlons</term>
<term>Population density</term>
<term>Populatton density</term>
<term>Potential gains</term>
<term>Potential losses</term>
<term>Potential penalties</term>
<term>Potential savmgs</term>
<term>Prescnbers</term>
<term>Prescnptlon</term>
<term>Private sector</term>
<term>Procurement strategy</term>
<term>Programme</term>
<term>Proper storage condltlons</term>
<term>Pubhc</term>
<term>Pubhc health</term>
<term>Pubhc sector</term>
<term>Public sector</term>
<term>Purchase drugs</term>
<term>Quality assurance</term>
<term>Qumtlle</term>
<term>Real products</term>
<term>Regional hospitals</term>
<term>Retail pharmacies</term>
<term>Rural areas</term>
<term>Rural health centres</term>
<term>Savmgs</term>
<term>Scrap world</term>
<term>Sector</term>
<term>Sellers</term>
<term>Sierra</term>
<term>Sierra leone</term>
<term>Small amounts</term>
<term>Spattal constraints</term>
<term>Such estimates</term>
<term>Such products</term>
<term>Total population</term>
<term>Travel costs</term>
<term>Typical structure</term>
<term>Uganda</term>
<term>Urban areas</term>
<term>User charges</term>
<term>Usmg</term>
<term>Vanous drugs</term>
<term>Wastage</term>
<term>World bank</term>
<term>World bank world development report</term>
<term>Yemen arab republic</term>
<term>Zambia</term>
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<term>Afnca table</term>
<term>African countnes</term>
<term>African countries</term>
<term>African country</term>
<term>Agncultural</term>
<term>Agncultural areas</term>
<term>Antimalarial treatments</term>
<term>Authontles</term>
<term>Average cost</term>
<term>Average costs</term>
<term>Bamako</term>
<term>Bamako imtlatlve</term>
<term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Brand name</term>
<term>Brand name drugs</term>
<term>Brand names</term>
<term>Cameroon</term>
<term>Capita income</term>
<term>Caput</term>
<term>Central warehouse</term>
<term>Condltlons</term>
<term>Constraint</term>
<term>Control procedures</term>
<term>Corrupt official</term>
<term>Cost recovery</term>
<term>Counterfeit drugs</term>
<term>Counterfelt drugs</term>
<term>Countnes</term>
<term>Customs officials</term>
<term>Developmg</term>
<term>Developmg countries</term>
<term>Direct purchase</term>
<term>Dlstnbutlon</term>
<term>Domestic drug production</term>
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<term>Drug sellers</term>
<term>Drug shops</term>
<term>Drug stocks</term>
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<term>Drug supplies</term>
<term>Drug supply</term>
<term>Drug supply systems</term>
<term>Drugs bill</term>
<term>Drugs budget</term>
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<term>Essential drugs</term>
<term>Essentral drugs</term>
<term>Essenttal drugs</term>
<term>Excessive heat</term>
<term>Financial authontles</term>
<term>First step</term>
<term>Foreign exchange</term>
<term>Foreign exchange savings</term>
<term>Foreign exchange savmgs</term>
<term>Foreign exchange shortages</term>
<term>French francs</term>
<term>Frequent treatment</term>
<term>Genenc</term>
<term>Genenc drugs</term>
<term>Genenc equivalents</term>
<term>Genenc form</term>
<term>Genenc names</term>
<term>General ward</term>
<term>Generic drugs</term>
<term>Great resistance</term>
<term>Health care</term>
<term>Health staff</term>
<term>High prices</term>
<term>Highest qumtlle</term>
<term>Income levels</term>
<term>Ivory coast</term>
<term>Kenya</term>
<term>Large number</term>
<term>Leone</term>
<term>Lmprovmg</term>
<term>Local production</term>
<term>Local purchases</term>
<term>Lower level</term>
<term>Lower level health faclhtles</term>
<term>Lower prices</term>
<term>Management sciences</term>
<term>Many cases</term>
<term>Many countnes</term>
<term>Many countries</term>
<term>Many people benefit</term>
<term>Matenals</term>
<term>Medical doctors</term>
<term>More hkely</term>
<term>News surrey</term>
<term>Nlgena</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Other parts</term>
<term>Overall cost</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical industry</term>
<term>Pharmacy</term>
<term>Pilferage</term>
<term>Pnce</term>
<term>Pnvate</term>
<term>Pnvate pharmacies</term>
<term>Pnvate sector</term>
<term>Pnvate sectors</term>
<term>Poor inventory control</term>
<term>Poor people</term>
<term>Poor prescnptlon</term>
<term>Poor storage condltlons</term>
<term>Population density</term>
<term>Populatton density</term>
<term>Potential gains</term>
<term>Potential losses</term>
<term>Potential penalties</term>
<term>Potential savmgs</term>
<term>Prescnbers</term>
<term>Prescnptlon</term>
<term>Private sector</term>
<term>Procurement strategy</term>
<term>Programme</term>
<term>Proper storage condltlons</term>
<term>Pubhc</term>
<term>Pubhc health</term>
<term>Pubhc sector</term>
<term>Public sector</term>
<term>Purchase drugs</term>
<term>Quality assurance</term>
<term>Qumtlle</term>
<term>Real products</term>
<term>Regional hospitals</term>
<term>Retail pharmacies</term>
<term>Rural areas</term>
<term>Rural health centres</term>
<term>Savmgs</term>
<term>Scrap world</term>
<term>Sector</term>
<term>Sellers</term>
<term>Sierra</term>
<term>Sierra leone</term>
<term>Small amounts</term>
<term>Spattal constraints</term>
<term>Such estimates</term>
<term>Such products</term>
<term>Total population</term>
<term>Travel costs</term>
<term>Typical structure</term>
<term>Uganda</term>
<term>Urban areas</term>
<term>User charges</term>
<term>Usmg</term>
<term>Vanous drugs</term>
<term>Wastage</term>
<term>World bank</term>
<term>World bank world development report</term>
<term>Yemen arab republic</term>
<term>Zambia</term>
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<term>Soins de santé</term>
<term>Industrie pharmaceutique</term>
<term>Pharmacie</term>
<term>Densité de population</term>
<term>Entreprise privée</term>
<term>Entreprise publique</term>
<term>Gaspillage</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The paper describes drug supply systems in Africa, both public and private, and concludes that the ‘private sector’ may have serious drawbacks. Many opportunities exist for improving efficiency and reducing waste; the paper gives evidence for the savings to be made. Finally, there are several issues of specific importance to Africa, namely, geographic and spatial constraints to improving logistics, which are much more severe than elsewhere in the world; the problem of counterfeit drugs; financing of drug supplies and cost recovery; and the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on supply and use of essential drugs.</div>
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